Neural Tube Defects: Prevention Starts Before Pregnancy

Prevention Is Possible — and Simple

Neural tube defects (NTDs) — including anencephaly (absent brain development) and spina bifida (spinal cord exposure) — are among the most common and most serious birth defects. They occur when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly in the first 28 days of pregnancy (see our antenatal care guide) — before most women even know they are pregnant. This is why preconception supplementation is essential.

The Power of Folate

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Adequate folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects by 50–70%. The key insight: supplementation must begin at least 4 weeks before conception and continue through the first 12 weeks. In Nigeria, where pregnancy is often not confirmed until 8–12 weeks, this window is frequently missed.

Standard vs. Higher Dose Requirements

• Standard recommendation: 400–500 mcg folic acid daily for all women planning pregnancy or potentially fertile
• Higher dose (5mg daily) required for: previous NTD-affected pregnancy; partner or close family member with NTD; diabetes; taking anti-epileptic medications; BMI over 30; malabsorption conditions

Other Preconception Nutrients That Matter

• Iodine — essential for foetal brain development; Nigerian soil iodine is low; supplementation is important pre-conception
• Vitamin D — affects neural development and immune programming
• Iron — iron stores should be optimised before pregnancy to prevent anaemia in the first trimester
• Omega-3 DHA — critical for foetal brain and retinal development throughout pregnancy

Start Your Preconception Programme With FXMed

FXMed's preconception health programme includes comprehensive nutritional assessment, targeted supplementation, and optimisation of your health before pregnancy. The best gift you can give your baby is a healthy start before conception. Book a preconception consultation today.